Solar yayi bayanin photovoltaics da wutar lantarki

Kwayoyin photovoltaic suna canza hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki

Tantanin halitta na photovoltaic (PV), wanda aka fi sani da tantanin rana, na'urar da ba ta injina ba ce wacce ke canza hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki. Wasu ƙwayoyin PV na iya canza hasken wucin gadi zuwa wutar lantarki.

Photons suna ɗaukar makamashin hasken rana

Hasken rana ya ƙunshi photons, ko barbashi na makamashin rana. Waɗannan hotuna suna ɗauke da mabambantan adadin kuzari waɗanda suka yi daidai da tsayin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban

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Gudun wutar lantarki

Motsin electrons, kowanne yana ɗauke da caji mara kyau, zuwa gaban gaban tantanin halitta yana haifar da rashin daidaituwar cajin wutar lantarki tsakanin filayen tantanin halitta gaba da baya. Wannan rashin daidaituwa, bi da bi, yana haifar da yuwuwar wutar lantarki kamar mara kyau da tasha na baturi. Masu gudanar da wutar lantarki a kan tantanin halitta suna ɗaukar electrons. Lokacin da aka haɗa masu gudanarwa a cikin wutar lantarki zuwa nauyin waje, kamar baturi, wutar lantarki yana gudana a cikin kewaye.

Ingantacciyar tsarin tsarin hoto ya bambanta ta nau'in fasahar hoto

Ingancin abin da ƙwayoyin PV ke canza hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki ya bambanta ta nau'in kayan semiconductor da fasahar salula ta PV. Ingancin samfuran samfuran PV na kasuwanci ya kai ƙasa da 10% a tsakiyar 1980s, ya ƙaru zuwa kusan 15% ta 2015, kuma yanzu yana gabatowa 20% don ƙirar zamani. Kwayoyin PV na gwaji da ƙwayoyin PV don kasuwanni masu niche, kamar tauraron dan adam na sararin samaniya, sun sami kusan kusan 50% inganci.

Yadda tsarin photovoltaic ke aiki

Tantanin PV shine tushen ginin tsarin PV. Kwayoyin daya-daya na iya bambanta da girman daga kusan inci 0.5 zuwa kusan inci 4 a fadin. Duk da haka, tantanin halitta ɗaya kawai yana samar da 1 ko 2 Watts, wanda shine kawai isassun wutar lantarki don ƙananan amfani, kamar don kunna ƙididdiga ko agogon hannu.

Kwayoyin PV suna haɗe ta hanyar lantarki a cikin kunshin, yanayin PV ko panel. Modulolin PV sun bambanta da girman kuma a cikin adadin wutar lantarki da zasu iya samarwa. Ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na PV module yana ƙaruwa tare da adadin sel a cikin module ko a cikin farfajiyar tsarin. Ana iya haɗa nau'ikan PV a cikin ƙungiyoyi don samar da tsararrun PV. Tsarin PV na iya haɗawa da nau'ikan PV biyu ko ɗaruruwan. Adadin nau'ikan PV da aka haɗa a cikin tsararrun PV yana ƙayyade adadin wutar lantarki da tsararrun za ta iya samarwa.

Kwayoyin Photovoltaic suna haifar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC). Ana iya amfani da wannan wutar lantarki ta DC don yin cajin batura waɗanda, bi da bi, na'urorin wuta masu amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye. Kusan duk wutar lantarki ana ba da ita azaman madadin wutar lantarki (AC) a tsarin watsa wutar lantarki da rarrabawa. Na'urorin da ake kira

Kwayoyin PV da kayayyaki za su samar da mafi yawan adadin wutar lantarki lokacin da suke fuskantar rana kai tsaye. Modulolin PV da tsararraki na iya amfani da tsarin bin diddigi waɗanda ke motsa samfuran don fuskantar rana koyaushe, amma waɗannan tsarin suna da tsada. Yawancin tsarin PV suna da na'urori a cikin ƙayyadaddun matsayi tare da na'urorin suna fuskantar kudu kai tsaye (a arewacin hemisphereâ kai tsaye arewa a kudancin kogin) kuma a kusurwar da ke inganta aikin jiki da tattalin arziki na tsarin.

Kwayoyin photovoltaic na hasken rana an haɗa su a cikin nau'i-nau'i (modules), kuma ana iya haɗa bangarori zuwa nau'i-nau'i na nau'i daban-daban don samar da ƙananan wutar lantarki zuwa adadi mai yawa, kamar don samar da famfunan ruwa don ruwan dabbobi, don samar da wutar lantarki ga gidaje, ko don amfani- sikelin samar da wutar lantarki.

Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (haƙƙin mallaka)

Aikace-aikace na tsarin photovoltaic

Mafi ƙarancin tsarin hotovoltaic ikon ƙididdiga da agogon hannu. Manyan tsare-tsare na iya samar da wutar lantarki don fitar da ruwa, da na’urorin sadarwa na wutar lantarki, don samar da wutar lantarki ga gida ko kasuwanci daya, ko kuma samar da manyan tsare-tsare masu samar da wutar lantarki ga dubban masu amfani da wutar lantarki.

Wasu fa'idodin tsarin PV sune

⢠Tsarin PV na iya samar da wutar lantarki a wuraren da tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki (lantarki) ba ya wanzu, kuma suna iya ba da wutar lantarki ga wata wutar lantarki.
⢠Za a iya shigar da tsararrun PV da sauri kuma suna iya zama kowane girman.
â¢Tallafin muhalli na tsarin PV da ke kan gine-gine ba su da yawa.

Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (haƙƙin mallaka)

Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (haƙƙin mallaka)

Tarihin photovoltaics

An kirkiro tantanin halitta na farko na PV a cikin 1954 ta masu binciken Bell Telephone. Tun daga ƙarshen 1950s, an yi amfani da ƙwayoyin PV don sarrafa tauraron dan adam na sararin samaniyar Amurka. A ƙarshen 1970s, bangarorin PV suna ba da wutar lantarki a cikin nesa, ko

Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Amurka (EIA) ta yi kiyasin cewa wutar lantarki da aka samar a ma'aunin wutar lantarki na PV ya karu daga kilowatts miliyan 76 a shekarar 2008 zuwa biliyan 69 (kWh) a shekarar 2019. megawatt daya) na karfin samar da wutar lantarki. EIA ta kiyasta cewa an samar da kWh biliyan 33 ta ƙananan tsarin PV masu haɗin grid a cikin 2019, sama da biliyan 11 kWh a cikin 2014. Ƙananan tsarin PV tsarin tsarin da ke da ƙasa da megawatt ɗaya na ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki. Yawancin suna kan gine-gine kuma wani lokaci ana kiran su